About

 

We are a transdisciplinary collaboration of researchers and institutions seeking to establish a theoretical and empirical basis for the study of human settlements through history. Although we acknowledge the tremendous variety in human societies and histories, our goal is to identify common properties of all human settlements, and general processes of growth and decline, in a framework that accommodates both regularity and contingency. We refer to human settlements as social reactors due to their role in concentrating and accelerating social interactions and their outcomes in space and time. This view derives from urban scaling research and the discovery that some emergent properties of modern cities are also apparent in pre-modern and even non-urban settlements.

Models

Our approach builds from simple models of social networks embedded in space. Here we show a representation of an amorphous (A) and a 'networked' (B) settlement.

 

 

 

 

Based on these findings, we are developing a framework that:

  • Frames all human settlements, from hunter-gatherer camps to modern megacities, as concentrations of people, things, energy and information in space and time, and subject to a variety of constraints;
  • Leads to quantitative predictions regarding relationships between proxy measures of settlement population and a variety of social, economic and infrastructural quantities;
  • Dissolves the boundary between past and present by viewing all human societies as evolving social and material networks;
  • Accounts for the differences between settlements in terms of a set of basic energetic, cultural and technological processes; and
  • Charts a course for expanding the comparative study of settlements through history.

Our work is driven by an interplay among theorizing, model building, data assembly and empirical validation. It illustrates the applicability of archaeological and historical data to contemporary issues, including the effects of agglomeration, the sources of economic growth, and the design and sustainability of cities. It is also informed by, and contributes to, the ongoing efforts of economists, geographers and urbanists to build a rich synthetic understanding of urban life.