Graduate Education

A recent study examined professional socialization and career preparation in Ph.D. programs in chemistry. The first phase of the study examines the broad landscape of Ph.D. programs in order to identify patterns in how programs are evolving to meet changing workforce needs and scientific trends. Second, through interviews with students, faculty and staff in a diverse set of Ph.D. programs, we are gathering in-depth information on what students understand and believe about their career options, how they develop these ideas through their graduate student years, and how they make their own career decisions.

• Laursen, S. L., & Weston, T. J. (2018).  Getting to Lake Wobegon: The role of departments in diversifying Ph.D. chemistry graduates. In R. Hernandez, D. Stallings, S. K. Iyer, eds. National Diversity Equity Workshops in Chemical Sciences (2011−2017), ACS Symposium Series, Vol. 1277, Ch. 8, pp 169–182. Washington, DC:  American Chemical Society. DOI: 10.1021/bk-2018-1277.ch008
• Thiry, H., Laursen, S. L., & Loshbaugh, H. G. (2015). “How do I get from here to there?” An examination of Ph.D. science students’ career preparation and decision making. International Journal of Doctoral Studies, 10, 237-256. [Open access]
• Laursen, S., & Weston, T. J. (2014).  Trends in Ph.D. productivity and diversity in top-50 chemistry departments.  Journal of Chemical Education. DOI 10.1021/ed4006997. [Open access via ACS Editors' Choice]
  • Recorded webinar about this work: Productivity & Diversity in Top Chemistry Programs: Effort Matters hosted by AWIS July 2014
  • A talk on this work for department chairs attending the 2015 National Diversity and Equity Workshop hosted by the Open Chemistry Collaborative in Diversity Equity (OXIDE), April 2015.
• Thiry, H. L., Laursen, S. L., & Loshbaugh, H. G. (2013).  Doctoral advisors' perspectives on career advising and professional preparation in the sciences. Education and Poverty: Theory, Research, Policy, and Praxis, 2013 Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco, CA, April 27-May 1.
• Laursen, S. L., Thiry, H. L., & Loshbaugh, H. G. (2012). Mind the gap: The mismatch between career decision-making needs and opportunities for science Ph.D. students. Paper presented at 2012 AERA Annual Meeting, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, April 13-17, 2012. 
• Loshbaugh, H. L., Laursen, S. L., & Thiry, H. (2011). Reaction to changing times: Trends and tensions in U.S. chemistry graduate education. Journal of Chemical Education, 88, 708-715. DOI 10.1021/ed1008574 [Abstract]
• Laursen, S., Thiry, H., Loshbaugh, H. (2009, March). What have we learned? Across the U.S., Ph.D. programs in chemistry are changing to meet contemporary demands. First findings from a study of professional preparation of chemistry Ph.D.s. (Research brief) Boulder, CO: University of Colorado Boulder, Ethnography & Evaluation Research. Download a copy

The Ph.D. Careers study compared Ph.D. physical scientists’ career preparation in graduate school with the career skills and knowledge they needed in their current work, using a combination of retrospective surveys and interviews. Scientists reported strong preparation in research and analytical skills but weaker preparation in communication, interdisciplinary work, and teaching.

• Smith, S. J., Pedersen-Gallegos, L., & Riegle-Crumb, C. (2002). The training, careers, and work of Ph.D. physical scientists: Not simply academic. American Journal of Physics 70(11), 1081-1092.

The study of professional socialization in chemistry was supported by the National Science Foundation under award DRL-0723600. The Ph.D. Careers study was supported by the National Foundation under award SES-9704011. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in these reports are those of the researchers, and do not necessarily represent the official views, opinions, or policy of the National Science Foundation.

In an interview study of graduate students’ participation in an inquiry-based science outreach program to K-12 classrooms, E&ER researchers found that the graduate student scientists experienced powerful professional development in teaching. The opportunity to prepare and repeat their presentations frequently for varied audiences provided a high-intensity practicum that helped the students to develop flexibility and confidence in their ability to design and adapt a lesson. For some, the experience confirmed and clarified their intended career goals, which included teaching, while others experienced more dramatic shifts in their career plans from research to teaching. We also analyze reasons for the overrepresentation of women in this and other teaching and outreach programs. This study also examined outcomes for the K-12 students and teachers.

• Laursen, S. L., Thiry, H., & Liston, C. (2012). The impact of a university-based school science outreach program on graduate student participants’ career paths and professional socialization. Journal of Higher Education Outreach and Engagement16(2), 47-78. Download a copy
• Laursen, S., Liston, C., Thiry, H., & Graf, J. (2007). What good is a scientist in the classroom? Participant outcomes and program design features for a short-duration science outreach intervention in K-12 classrooms. CBE-Life Sciences Online 6, 49-64.
• Thiry, H., Laursen, S. L., & Liston, C. (2007). (De)Valuing teaching in the academy: Why are underrepresented graduate students overrepresented in teaching and outreach? Journal of Women and Minorities in Science and Engineering 13(4), 391-419. DOI: 10.1615/JWomenMinorScienEng.v13.i4.50

Participating in development and teaching of a student-centered undergraduate curriculum was a significant professional development experience for graduate and advanced undergraduate teaching assistants (TAs) in STEM fields. This book draws on three E&ER studies to report what and how TAs learned, as well as their observations of learning and resistance among their undergraduate students.

• Seymour, E, with Melton, G., Wiese, D. J., & Pedersen-Gallegos, L. (2005). Partners in Innovation: Teaching Assistants in College Science Courses. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.

As evaluators for CoMInDS, the College Mathematics Instructors Development Source, we gathered data to assess needs and improve programming for people who lead teaching professional development for graduate TAs in mathematics departments.  We also developed profiles of different types of TAPD programs to help leaders choose and refine their own program model.

• Profiles of graduate TA professional development (TAPD) programs as examples of diverse program models
  • Haberler, Z., & Laursen, S. (2017). CoMInDS Program Profile: University of Maine. In Program Profiles, College Mathematics Instructors Development Source (CoMInDS). Washington, DC: Mathematics Association of America. 
  • Laursen, S., & Haberler, Z. (2017). CoMInDS Program Profile: Bowling Green State University & University of South Carolina. In Program Profiles, College Mathematics Instructors Development Source (CoMInDS). Washington, DC: Mathematics Association of America. 
  • Laursen, S., & Haberler, Z. (2017). CoMInDS Program Profile: Duke University. In Program Profiles, College Mathematics Instructors Development Source (CoMInDS). Washington, DC: Mathematics Association of America. 
  • Laursen, S., & Haberler, Z. (2017). CoMInDS Program Profile: University of Michigan. In Program Profiles, College Mathematics Instructors Development Source (CoMInDS). Washington, DC: Mathematics Association of America. 
• Laursen, S., Hauk, S., Speer, N., & Deshler, J. (2019).  Developing the developers: Lessons learned from work to support providers of professional development for graduate teaching assistants. In A. Weinberg, D. Moore-Russo, H. Soto, & M. Wawro (Eds.), Proceedings of the 22^nd Annual Conference on Research in Undergraduate Mathematics Education (pp. 1142-1143).  Oklahoma City, OK: Mathematical Association of America, SIGMAA on RUME.
• Laursen, S., & Lynds, S. (2018, April). Medium-Term Outcomes from the CoMInDS Intensive Workshops: Results from the Follow-up Survey. [Report to CoMInDS Project] Boulder, CO: Ethnography & Evaluation Research.
• Laursen, S., & Lynds, S. (2018, April). Medium-Term Outcomes of CoMInDS Project Activities: Results from the ‘All-Comers’ Survey. [Report to CoMInDS] Boulder, CO: Ethnography & Evaluation Research.
• Laursen, S., & Lynds, S. (2019, January). Comparison of Outcomes for CoMInDS TAPD Provider Audiences. [Report to CoMInDS] Boulder, CO: Ethnography & Evaluation Research.

Evaluation of CoMInDS was supported by the National Science Foundation under award DUE-1432381. Evaluation of the BSI was supported by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in these reports are those of the researchers, and do not necessarily represent the official views, opinions, or policy of the funder.

Given the apprenticeship structure of STEM graduate education, the graduate advisor is a major influence on STEM graduate students’ lives and professional growth. This analysis of interview data reveals three main functions for an “ideal type” advisor who offers students departmental and disciplinary moorings, career and program advice, and individualized mentoring.

• De Welde, K., & Laursen, S. L. (2008). The “Ideal type” advisor: How advisors help STEM graduate students find their ‘scientific feet.’  The Open Education Journal (1), 49-61. DOI: 10.2174/1874920800801010049. 

This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under award HRD-0123636. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in these reports are those of the researchers, and do not necessarily represent the official views, opinions, or policy of the National Science Foundation.​